Objectives :Primary bio-liquids typically have oxygen contents of about 50% and cannot be processed in standard refinery units. Current de-oxygenation processes are not mature and very expensive due to high hydrogen costs. This SP aims to develop a new technology for decreasing this oxygen content.

The quality of the produced bio-liquid should satisfy the requirements for co-processing in a traditional mineral oil refinery.

The work-programme also has the following objectives:

• Definition of benchmarks for the quality of the upgraded bio-liquids;
• Generation of a database for quality specifications of upgraded bio-liquids, related to the co-processing in existing crude oil refineries;
• Development of technologies, and determination of their optimal process conditions
• Production of 25 kg samples for laboratory testing
• Production of at least 250 litres upgraded  bio-liquid samples for analysis and testing in small-scale test facilities mimicking standard refinery processes